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The Moon, China’s new Playground

The Moon, China’s new Playground

The Moon is thought to have formed about 4.5 billion years ago, shortly after the formation of the solar system. The prevailing theory is that a Mars-sized body collided with the Earth, and the debris from the impact eventually coalesced to form the Moon.

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The Moon is thought to have formed about 4.5 billion years ago, shortly after the formation of the solar system. The prevailing theory is that a Mars-sized body collided with the Earth, and the debris from the impact eventually coalesced to form the Moon.

The Moon’s surface is divided into two main types of terrain: the heavily cratered and mountainous highlands, and the relatively flat and smooth “maria.” The highlands are composed mainly of a rock called anorthosite, while the maria are made mostly of basalt.

One of the most striking features on the Moon’s surface is the existence of large, circular basins called impact craters. These were formed by the collision of large asteroids and comets with the Moon’s surface. The largest known impact crater on the Moon is the South Pole-Aitken Basin, which is about 2,500 km (1,500 miles) across and 13 km (8 miles) deep.

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The South Pole-Aitken (SPA) Basin is the largest known impact crater on the Moon, and one of the largest known impact craters in the Solar System. It is located on the far side of the Moon and is not visible from Earth. The basin has a diameter of about 2,500 kilometers (1,500 miles) and a depth of about 13 kilometers (8 miles). The basin is roughly circular in shape, and its center is located near the lunar South Pole.

The SPA Basin is thought to have been formed by the impact of a massive object, possibly a comet or asteroid, with the Moon’s surface. The impact would have been incredibly powerful, releasing energy equivalent to several billion atomic bombs. The force of the impact created the large basin and also caused the Moon’s crust to be partially melted and vaporized.

The SPA Basin is of great scientific interest because it is one of the oldest known features on the Moon, and it is also one of the largest known impact craters in the Solar System. The basin is so large that it has the ability to provide a window into the Moon’s early history and geology, including information about the Moon’s crust, mantle, and core.

The SPA Basin is also important for future human exploration of the Moon. The basin’s location near the lunar South Pole makes it a potential location for a human base, as the region may have frozen water in the form of ice in some areas of the crater floor. The basin’s large size and depth could also provide shielding from the harmful radiation of space, making it a potential location for a lunar outpost.

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Several lunar missions have been proposed to study the SPA Basin in more detail, including NASA’s proposed Artemis program which aims to land humans on the Moon in 2024 and establish a sustainable presence there.

China’s Chang’e missions are a series of robotic lunar exploration missions conducted by the China National Space Administration (CNSA). The program is named after the Chinese moon goddess Chang’e.

The first mission in the series, Chang’e 1, was launched in 2007 and was a lunar orbiter that conducted high-resolution mapping of the Moon’s surface. It was followed by the Chang’e 2 mission, which was also an orbiter that conducted further mapping and also tested new technologies for future missions.

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The next mission in the series, Chang’e 3, was launched in 2013 and was the first Chinese spacecraft to land on the Moon. The mission included a lander and a rover called Yutu (or “Jade Rabbit”), which conducted a variety of scientific experiments and also explored the lunar surface.

The fourth mission, Chang’e 4, was launched in 2018 and made a historic landing on the far side of the Moon, making China the first country to land a spacecraft on this side of the Moon. The mission included a lander and a rover, which conducted a variety of scientific experiments, including studying the lunar geology, environment, and geophysics.

The Chang’e 5 mission was launched in December 2020, it was a sample return mission, the spacecraft landed on the near side of the Moon, collected samples and returned back to Earth on December 16, 2020, becoming the first time in over 40 years that samples have been brought back from the Moon.

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The Chang’e program continues with the Chang’e 6 mission, which is expected to be a sample return mission to the lunar South Pole and Chang’e 7,8 and 9 are also planned to be launched in the coming years. The goal of the program is to increase China’s understanding of the Moon and to pave the way for future manned lunar missions.

The Moon’s surface has been explored by a number of spacecraft, both manned and unmanned. The first manned landing on the Moon was in 1969, when the American spacecraft Apollo 11 landed astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin on the surface. Since then, there have been six manned landings on the Moon, with the last one taking place in 1972.

The Moon is also studied by robotic spacecraft, such as NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and China’s Chang’e missions. These spacecraft have greatly expanded our knowledge of the Moon’s surface, geology, and history.

In recent years, there have been renewed interest in exploring the Moon and potentially establishing a human presence there. This is driven by the desire to use the Moon as a stepping stone for further exploration of the Solar System, as well as the potential to use lunar resources, such as water and minerals, to support human missions.

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Taxpayer Dollars Abroad: A Deep Dive into U.S. Military Spending with Questionable Returns

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In an era where economic prudence is preached, the U.S. federal government’s expenditure on foreign military financing (FMF) and other international support programs continues to spark debate. With the U.S. budget for 2024 stretching into trillions, a significant chunk, specifically 54% of discretionary spending, is allocated to defense, including substantial outlays for foreign military aid. Yet, questions linger about the tangible benefits these investments bring back to American taxpayers.

The United States supports over 150 countries annually through various military aid programs, with Foreign Military Financing (FMF) being one of the largest. In fiscal year 2023, the U.S. spent approximately $6.1 trillion, with defense activities alone accounting for 13% of this budget – around $820 billion. A considerable portion of this defense budget doesn’t end with domestic military operations but extends into foreign lands through programs like FMF, IMET (International Military Education and Training), and Peacekeeping Operations (PKO).

Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Air Force Gen. CQ Brown, Jr., hold a press conference about the Ukraine Defense Contact Group meeting in Brussels.
Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Air Force Gen. CQ Brown, Jr., hold a press conference about the Ukraine Defense Contact Group meeting in Brussels.

Israel tops the list, receiving about $3.3 billion annually, followed by Egypt with $1.3 billion. Jordan secures around $425 million each year. These allocations are intended to secure strategic partnerships, promote stability, and ensure access to military bases or intelligence-sharing. However, the return on these investments for American taxpayers often seems opaque.

Navy Adm. Timothy J. Keating, commander, U.S. Pacific Command, reviews the honor guard of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces during a welcome ceremony on April 8 at the Ministry of Defense in Brunei. Keating met with numerous senior defense and foregin affairs officials during his first trip to Brunei. (U.S. Navy photo/Petty Officer 2nd Class Elisia V. Gonzales)

The International Military Education and Training program, while less costly, still impacts over 100 countries, with each receiving from tens of thousands to a few million dollars. This program aims at fostering goodwill and ensuring that foreign militaries align with U.S. military practices and doctrines, potentially influencing future arms sales or alliances.

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Critics argue that these investments yield little in terms of direct benefits to U.S. citizens. For instance, the support for countries like Pakistan, which has historically received significant funding under the Coalition Support Funds for counter-terrorism efforts, has been marred by allegations of corruption and ineffective use of funds. Recent discussions on X have highlighted concerns over money laundering within these aid programs, suggesting that the money might not even reach its intended military purposes.

Moreover, military aid to Ukraine, while politically and morally justified by many, has also been subject to scrutiny. With over $70 billion in aid, including both military and economic support, the U.S. has been a primary backer in the conflict against Russia. However, there are growing concerns about the oversight of this aid, with some questioning whether the funds are being used effectively or if they’re leading to corruption or just arming another country’s military without strategic returns for the U.S.

U.S. Navy Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class William DeBruler, an Illinois native and corpsman with Combat Logistics Battalion 6, Combat Logistics Regiment 2, 2nd Marine Logistics Group, provides security during Exercise Nordic Response 24 in Alta, Norway
U.S. Navy Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class William DeBruler, an Illinois native and corpsman with Combat Logistics Battalion 6, Combat Logistics Regiment 2, 2nd Marine Logistics Group, provides security during Exercise Nordic Response 24 in Alta, Norway, March 11, 2024. Exercise Nordic Response 24 is designed to enhance military capabilities and allied cooperation in high-intensity warfighting scenarios under challenging arctic conditions, while providing U.S. Marines unique opportunities to train alongside NATO allies and partners. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. Christian Salazar)

From an economic perspective, the benefits are debated. While military spending can stimulate the U.S. defense industry, ensuring jobs and maintaining technological superiority, the direct benefits to the average taxpayer are less clear. The U.S. spends more on defense than the next 11 countries combined, yet the economic return on this investment is often questioned, especially when considering the opportunity cost of not investing in domestic infrastructure, education, or health care.

Strategically, the U.S. aims to maintain global influence, counter adversaries like China and Russia, and secure allies. However, the effectiveness of this strategy is debated. For example, the U.S. commitment to countries like Saudi Arabia, despite human rights concerns, has been criticized, especially when considering the limited diplomatic leverage gained in return for military support.

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U.S. Marine Corps Lt. Gen. John Allen, deputy commander U.S. Central Command, talks with Qatari Foregin Minister Affairs assitant for follow up affairs, Sheik Mohammad Al-Rhmaihi, before the start of the ribbon cutting ceremony to comemorate the official opening of the U.S. Central Command forward headquarters here Oct. 22, at Al Udeid AB, Qatar.

(DoD Photo by USAF SSgt Bradley A. Lail) (released)
U.S. Marine Corps Lt. Gen. John Allen, deputy commander U.S. Central Command, talks with Qatari Foregin Minister Affairs assitant for follow up affairs, Sheik Mohammad Al-Rhmaihi, before the start of the ribbon cutting ceremony to comemorate the official opening of the U.S. Central Command forward headquarters here Oct. 22, at Al Udeid AB, Qatar. (DoD Photo by USAF SSgt Bradley A. Lail) (released)

The narrative isn’t just about dollars and cents but about the moral and ethical implications of supporting regimes or engaging in conflicts with little direct impact on American lives or security. Moreover, with economic challenges at home, many taxpayers are questioning why such significant funds are directed overseas when domestic issues persist.

The debate over U.S. taxpayer money spent on foreign military financing without much return is complex, involving geopolitical strategy, economic considerations, and ethical questions. While the U.S. has undoubtedly influenced global events through its military aid, the direct benefits to the American public remain a point of contention. As the U.S. approaches the next fiscal year, with a new administration on the horizon, the conversation about where and how to spend taxpayer dollars will undoubtedly intensify, with many advocating for a reevaluation of these international commitments in favor of domestic priorities.

Army Gen. Daniel Hokanson, chief of the National Guard Bureau, spoke wiht members and guests of the Council on Foreign Relations Nov. 14 at the Harold Pratt House in New York City. Hokanson, a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, oversees the National Guard's State Partnership Program, which includes formalized partnerships with more than half of the world's nations. The Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, nonpartisan membership organization focused on being a resource for its members, public and private leaders, and citizens in order to help them better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other countries. (Air National Guard photo by Capt. Jon LaDue)
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Dust in the heating system sets off the fire alarms at the Camdenton Middle School.

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CAMDENTONS: Early this morning, Camdenton Middle School turned the heat on for the first time this year, resulting in some dust setting off the fire alarms. The building was evacuated, and the Mid-County Fire Department quickly responded to check everything out and ensure the building was safe. The building has been cleared, and all students and staff are safely back in the building to begin their school day. We would like to thank our parents and guardians for being patient during morning drop-off and our transportation department for acting quickly to reroute and ensure students were still safely dropped off at their buildings.

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Why the Ticket Stands Out in the 2024 Election: A Policy Comparison

In an election year characterized by stark contrasts, the policy positions of Vice President Kamala Harris and former President Donald Trump have set the stage for a pivotal choice for American voters.

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In an election year characterized by stark contrasts, the policy positions of Vice President Kamala Harris and former President Donald Trump have set the stage for a pivotal choice for American voters.

Economic Policies:

  • Taxation: Kamala Harris has proposed raising the corporate tax rate from 21% to 28% and adjusting individual income taxes to pre-2018 levels for high earners. Conversely, Donald Trump’s campaign advocates for reducing the corporate rate to between 15% and 20%, aiming to bolster American competitiveness internationally. This reduction could stimulate investment and job creation, potentially revitalizing sectors hit hard by economic downturns.
  • Regulation: Trump’s plan to cut regulations significantly could reduce bureaucratic overhead for businesses, fostering innovation and economic growth. Harris, however, favors expanding antitrust initiatives, which might be viewed as stifling to entrepreneurial activities.

Immigration:

  • Border Security: Trump’s commitment to “shut down” the current border policies, restore measures like Remain in Mexico, and implement aggressive deportation strategies directly addresses the concerns of security and sovereignty. Harris’s approach, while advocating for a pathway to citizenship, has been criticized for not addressing immediate border control effectively, potentially leading to unchecked immigration flows that could strain public resources.
  • Public Sentiment: a public wary of policies perceived to favor amnesty over enforcement. Trump’s stance resonates with those advocating for stricter immigration controls, aligning with sentiments echoed across social platforms about the need for robust border security.

Foreign Policy and Trade:

  • Trade: Trump’s proposed tariffs, especially on China, aim at protecting American industries from what he perceives as unfair competition. Harris’s approach to trade, focusing on “diverse energy sources” and reducing reliance on foreign oil, might appeal to environmentalists but could be slower in addressing immediate economic impacts.
  • Foreign Relations: While Harris’s nuanced response on international conflicts might appeal to those seeking diplomatic solutions, Trump’s straightforward approach, aiming at immediate outcomes like ending conflicts, might resonate with voters tired of prolonged international entanglements.

Domestic Policies:

  • Energy: Trump’s support for nuclear energy, alongside other fossil fuels, contrasts with Harris’s push towards renewables, which, while environmentally focused, might face criticism for its economic feasibility and immediate impact on energy prices.
  • Healthcare: While Harris plans to expand Medicare’s negotiation powers for drug prices, Trump’s intentions to privatize aspects of Medicare could lead to more competition and potentially lower costs, though this remains a contentious issue due to its impact on coverage.

The choice between Harris and Trump in 2024 presents voters with fundamentally different visions for America’s future. For those prioritizing economic growth through deregulation, tax cuts, and robust border enforcement, the Republican ticket stands out. Trump’s policies, while controversial, aim at immediate economic relief and security, appealing to voters who favor domestic production, protectionism, and a strong stance on immigration. Conversely, Harris’s policies might attract those who prioritize social justice, environmental concerns, and incremental changes in economic policy.

As voters weigh these options, the Republican ticket’s promise of a robust economic recovery, coupled with stringent border controls, positions it as a more decisive choice for those seeking immediate and tangible change over potentially gradual reforms.

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